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Miracle Learning Centre Chemistry Tuition Question on Bonding. (O Level / IP Chemistry)

1) Germanium is an element in Group IV. a) It has a similar macromolecular structure to diamond. Predict two physical properties of germanium. _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
b) Explain why graphite, which is also a macromolecular form of carbon, has different physical properties to diamond and germanium. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
c) The electron distribution of a germanium atom is 2, 8, 18, 4. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outermost shell electrons in the compound germanium tetrachloride. Use o to represent an electron from germanium. Use x to represent an electron from chlorine.
d) Germanium forms a series of saturated compounds with hydrogen which resemble the alkanes. i) Predict the general molecular formula of these compounds of germanium and hydrogen. ___________________________________________________ ii) Draw the structural formula for one of the above compounds that contains four germanium atoms per molecule.
When aqueous solutions of germanium(II) chloride and of iron(III) chloride are mixed, the following reaction occurs. GeCl2 + 2FeCl3 → 2FeCl2 + GeCl4 Explain why this is a redox reaction in terms of oxidation states. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
Miracle Learning Centre Answer to Chemistry Tuition Question on Bonding. (O Level / IP Chemistry) 1a) hard; unable to conduct electricity; b) in graphite, atoms are arranged in layers consisting of hexagonal rings; in diamond(germanium), atoms are arranged in tetrahedral shape; c) diagram of 1Ge and 4Cl; 4 shared pairs; d) i) GenH2n+2; ii) H H H H I I I I H – Ge – Ge – Ge - Ge - H I I I I H H H H e) The oxidation state of germanium changes from +2 to +4. Increase in oxidation state, thus oxidation. The oxidation state of iron changes from +3 to +2. Decrease in oxidation state thus reduction.
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